The Child Obesity Epidemic - 2395 Words

Have we all question ourselves what is childhood obesity? Well today about one in three children in America are overweight or obese, which has tripled since 1963. The American Heart Association, comments that among the children today, obesity has been causing a reach of health problem that was only seen in adulthood. Obesity not only affects children appearance or the fit of their clothing. The people that are obese most likely will have health problems such as joint problem, sleep apnea, and asthma attack, liver failure, kidney problems. What would be the best way to prevent obesity. We all know the obesity is and will always be a chronic disease that will be affecting more children, and teenagers and adults. The rates of obesity in children in the United States have doubled since 1980, yet it has tripled for teenagers. Children between the ages of six to nineteen are considered overweight and the other percent of adults are overweight and or obese. In Imperial County approximately 75% of the population is of Mexican origin with a 39% ratio that rates childhood obesity. Currently 21,011 children are enrolled in elementary schools, of this children about 75.4% are on the free or reduced priced meal program. Obesity can cause numerous of health issues such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and low self-esteem. Obesity may also have emotional effects in children such as being teased and or bullied at school and felling that they have a poor body image. In myShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of Child Obesity1885 Words   |  8 PagesOver the past decade there has been an epidemic on the rise. This epidemic is child obesity. We spend millions of dollars each year trying to help or prevent the onset of obesity. Some of the reasons are due to our youth consuming more processed foods and not being physically active. However, we as a society cannot just blame the laziness and not eating the correct types of foods as the cause for obesity. This problem is mo re complex than people think and we can fix it, but we do need governmentRead MoreThe Child Obesity Epidemic in America1089 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood obesity is a major cause for concern within the United States. This is mainly due to children not getting the require nutrition that they need. Although study show that there is a decrease in obesity in children, it still remains at an all-time high. Children are failing to eat as healthy as they should, and it has become an even bigger problem now that they aren’t getting the require amount of food in their diets. The USDA made a decision a couple of years ago to reduce the amount of foodRead MoreThe National Child Obesity Epidemic Essay1859 Words   |  8 Pagesyears, childhood obesity has more than tripled. The pervasiveness of obesity has increased from 6.5% in 1980 to 20% in 2014 among children aged 6 to 11. The prevalence of obesity among adolescents aged 12 to 19 increased from 5.0% to 18.1% during the same 30-year period. With that said, America is experiencing a very serious health issue concerning its youth. Obesity results from an imbalance involving excessive calorie consumption and/or inadequate physical activity. In addition, obesity is mediatedRead MoreChildhood Obesity Essay examples1472 Words   |  6 Pageschildhood obesity was rarely a topic of conversation. A survey done in the early 1970s showed that 6.1% of children between the ages 12 and 19 were overweight. Eight years later the same survey was done and 17.4% were considered overweight (Iannelli). â€Å"Childhood obesity epidemic in America is now a confirmed fact since the number of overweight or obese children has more than tripled during the last 30 years† (Childhood Obesity Epidemic). â€Å"Over the last 20 years, the prevalence of obesity in childrenRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Developing Problem1197 Words   |  5 PagesObesity in America is a developing problem, and not just in adults. Today, one in three A merican children and teens are either overweight or obese; almost triple the rate previously in 1963. Child obesity has expeditiously become one of the most genuine health challenges of the 21st century (â€Å"10 Surprising Facts About Childhood Obesity†). Physical inactivity, race, junk food in schools, the mass media, and the child’s parents flaws are all factors that have resulted in the prevalence of childhoodRead MoreChildhood Obesity Is A Growing Epidemic1297 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity is a growing epidemic. The UK has estimated through their schools’ National Child Measurement Program that one-third of the children there are overweight, and by 2050 that number could rise to an alarming two-thirds (Phillips 2). There are many uncontrollable factors in childhood obesity such as the environment, income and genetics. However, parents are the most overlooked factor. Our children’s futures, with regard to their eating habits, are in the hands of their parents. UltimatelyRead MoreEssay on Greg Cristers quot;Too Much of a Good Thingquot;993 Words   |  4 PagesThing Greg Crister, the author of the op-ed essay that was featured in the Los Angeles Times, Too Much of a Good Thing, argues that in order to stop obesity, we should stigmatize overeating. Crister states that we should place shame on overeating due to the rising obesity epidemic that faces the world today. The U.N. proclaims that obesity is a dominant unmet global health issue, with Westernized countries topping the list. Crister states that twenty five percent of all Americans under theRead MoreChildhood Obesity800 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ I. Introduction a. Childhood obesity is a rising epidemic in the United States. b. We can teach children healthy eating habits, incorporate physical activity and lead by example. II. Teaching healthy eating habits a. Educate children about healthy foods and their benefits b. Provide healthy alternatives to unhealthy snacks c. Limit fast food for meals III. Incorporating physical activity a. Limit time for electronic use b. Set a specific amount of time for daily outside activity cRead MoreObesity : Childhood Obesity Epidemic1418 Words   |  6 Pagesarticle â€Å"There is no Childhood Obesity Epidemic† discussed the there is a â€Å"stunning† drop in childhood obesity rate. He claims that obesity rates among two to five year olds have plunged over the past decade, and that the so called â€Å"obesity epidemic† had ended. I strongly disagree with Campos view that there is no childhood obesity epidemic, this is due to the researches that was done by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention which shows that childhood obesity has more than doubled in childrenRead MoreParents As Means Of Change For The Childhood Obesity Epidemic1115 Words   |  5 PagesMeans of Change for the Childhood Obesity Epidemic Introduction The epidemic of obesity has been a serious public health concern in the United States. The rapid increase in the prevalence of this epidemic has shown to be higher among ethnic groups (Klohe, 2004). In addition, those of lower socioeconomic status are 50% more likely to be obese than those from higher education/income backgrounds (U.S. Department of Heath and Human Services, 2001). For children, obesity can lead to serious health outcomes

Analysis Of The Movie Summer Ball - 1665 Words

Summer Ball By: Anya Lee Mike Lupica, ESPN commentator and well-known sports writer for young adults, wrote Summer Ball. Summer Ball is primarily set at Right Way Basketball Camp. The main character, Danny Walker, and his friends, Ty Ross, Will Stoddard, and Tarik Meminger go to Right Way along with boys from all over the country to improve their basketball skills. They also hope to make new friends and possibly catch the eye of college scouts over the length of summer camp. Right Way helps Danny learn how to prove himself against outside expectations and self-doubts. Danny experiences his troubles when his Right Way coach, Edward Powers, doesn t believe in Danny and tries to break him down any way he can. Coach Powers represents all of Danny s fears around basketball and his place as a basketball player. At Right Way Camp, Danny and his friends work hard and struggle through tough games in order to prove themselves as basketball players. Danny and his friends have never seen a place like Right Way. Danny, Will, and Ty live in Long Island, New York. A newer friend of theirs, Tarik, is from New York City. All four boys attend Right Way the summer they are transitioning from eighth grade to being high school freshmen. Right Way is located in Cedarville, Maine, which is several hours outside Portland, Maine. Right Way Camp is deep in the woods. As the boys ride to the camp on a bus, they are amazed at what they see. Tarik says, Oh, this is where all the trees are.Show MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay : Summer Is The Best981 Words   |  4 PagesThe four seasons, winter, summer, autumn and spring fly by like Lightning Mcqueen from the movie Cars, racing to the finish line. When you talk about the seasons everybody has a different perspective to it. Some might say summer is the best, due to there being no school, also the hot weather. Many may argue that Spring is the best, because of the plants coming back to life after months in the grave. Finally, some people believe that autumn is the best, because of the fact that it has comfortableRead MoreFilm Analysis Pocahontas Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesFilm Analysis: Pocahontas The animated Walt Disney movie Pocahontas is based on a true life story of a young Powhatan Indian girl named Pocahontas who falls in love with John Smith. In the making of the movie, Walt Disney, attempts to relate to the early 17th Century historic event of Europeans settling in Jamestown; however, Disney did not portrait the true story. Disney rewrote the story by making it a beautifully romantic and animated love story like a Cinderella fairytale. In the Walt DisneyRead MoreAnalysis Of Temple Grandin, An Autistic Woman1217 Words   |  5 PagesIn the movie Temple Grandin, an autistic woman, who overcame the limitations imposed on her by her condition earned a PH.D and an expert in the field of animal agriculture. She did not speak until the age of four, she was also sensitive to sound and touch, and had difficulty throughout high school, mostly dealing with people and the social part of life. She is most widely known for creating her â€Å"hug box,† recognized today as a way of relieving stress and anxiety in autistic children. Temple is alsoRead MoreDiscourse Community Analysis : Northwest Varsity Basketball Team Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesDiscourse Community Analysis: Northwest Varsity Basketball Team It is the first round of the Basketball State playoffs, and with eight seconds left, the talented Northwest team is down by three. The star point guard speed dribbles up the court, the tension on and off the court is immense, the pressure is even greater. Everyone during and prior to this game, had witnessed a season full of promise, and the consensus conclusion for most recognized this team as the best team to have ever come out NorthwestRead MoreThe Operating Budget For The Department Of Parks And Parks1306 Words   |  6 Pages(this includes the pools, fitness center and indoor tennis center), youth and adult programs, and special events. The largest addition over the previous year’s budget is $7,000 to expand the popular Flag Football program and $10,000 for a new program Movie Night in the Park program. Another $1.8 million supports the park services which maintains the outdoor athletic fields, supports the park maintenance and beatification projects. Finally, approxima tely $750 thousand supports the administration of theRead MorePreserving Liberty1743 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment, there is tyranny† stands for all to see. Beneath Jefferson’s wise words, the artist has declared Edward Snowden and Julian Assange heroes. While plenty government officials condemn the actions of these demonized â€Å"hacktivists,† reconsider the summer of 2013, when Americans sat aghast in their living rooms as reporters broke stories of the mass surveillance of American citizens through the collection of phone records and user data from major American companies (i.e. Apple, Verizon, Facebook, andRead MoreMy Influence Of Sports On My Life2086 Words   |  9 PagesEngland, marched his team down the field and scored to take a 29-22 lead. The Panthers responded by scoring a touchdown themselves and tying the game at 29 with a minute left. What occurred next changed my view of sports forever. Tom Brady got the ball back and commanded a game-winning drive capped off by an Adam Vinatieri field goal. (Super Bowl XXXXVIII Game Recap).  The game was over. Tom Brady was awarded the MVP award and held up the trophy as confetti rained down over him. What I had witnessedRead MoreJackie Robinson5168 Words   |  21 Pagesaccurate historical representation with lines and quotes shown to be taken exactly from documented writings. The film has a warming plot of a successful man who never gave up on his love of baseball and his fight for equal rights. Close scene analysis of the film, 42, The Jackie Robinson Story, revealed that the film is an accurate representation of Robinson’s life during his first years with the Brooklyn Dodgers. However, the motion pictures fails to answer the question of what motivated BranchRead MoreAdvertising Strategy of Adidas: a Comparative Study 23900 Words   |  16 PagesAdidas  - Footwear, apparel, and hardware such as bags and balls. Salom on  -Winter sports incl. skis, snowboards, snowblades,ski boots and bindings, inline skates, hiking, apparel. Mavic  -Cycle components, Bonfire  -Snowboard apparel.   ArcTeryx -  Outdoor apparel, climbing equipment, Clichà ©Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Skateboard equipment, footwear and apparel,   Taylor Made-Adidas Golf - Golf equipment, golf apparel, golf shoes and finally,   Maxfli -  Golf balls, irons and accessories. In 1990, Adidas was holdingRead MoreEssay about The Ebola Virus2798 Words   |  12 PagesYou have to admire its simplicity. Its one billionth our size and its beating us. - - Spoken by Colonel Sam Daniels, a character in the fictional movie about Ebola, Outbreak. The Ebola virus is the most feared virus of our time. What exactly is Ebola? Ebola is a viral hemorrhagic fever actually named after the River Ebola in Zaire, Africa, where it was first discovered. It belongs to a genus of ribonucleic viruses called filoviruses, under the family Filofiridae, which are characterized

Marketing Principles On Ventura Boats †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Principles On Ventura Boats. Answer: SWOT Analysis Australia, boat business had confronted 20% loss in their last 18 months or so and the overall business has faced this disaster situation due to that time (Ibinews.com 2018). Ventura boat is one of the small boat building business and they make traditional boats for the inland domestic uses of Australia. The company had agood business market in the1960s, 70s but in modern times they need to change their infrastructure for the development of their business. Strengths The company is following the traditional way of boat making, and this is not applicable in modern times. However, their product quality is good and their traditional products are very high in quality. Some of the high-quality products are noticed in France and Italy and their business is growing day by day (Armstrong et al. 2014). In case of Australia, innovative products are important for market sustainability and people love to use these kind of products so that better outcome can be gained. There is another strong factor which is people accumulation. They try to cater to sections of people and expand their business in all around Australia. Luxury boats are generally costly, so a good price margin oftheboat is important for boatyards or in case of business providers. Ventura boats sell their boats to boat-yards and customers as well. Very few companies are doing this kind of bilateral business and Ventura boats has this advantage to do the business in this way. Weaknesses The company profile was very good in the1960s, 70s, and 80s but in recent times they have not introduced any technological changes in their boats. So the traditional makings of boats are creating barriers to their business extension (Challagalla, Murtha and Jaworski 2014). Innovation in shape, size, velocity, dimension, range, space, architecture and technology is the most important need for their business acceleration. Their efficient employees are leaving this job and searching for better opportunities so overall a disaster situation is confronted by Ventura Boats Company. Opportunities In theUK, British marines are encouraging the steady growth of single market boat business and delivering good opportunities for future. In the session of Post- Brexitsituation government has the only way to sustain the business and for that reason, every company wants a sustainable support from their government (Moriarty et al. 2014). In case of Ventura boats, Australian government wants some financial support that enhances their GDP but Ventura has no future as they are lacking because of their technological limitations. But in other counties, traditional boat restrictions are less so the company can move their business in those countries. The economic divisiveness is also noticed in Australia, sothe business market or Ventura needs to change for their own sustainability. Threats The main threat for Ventura is their staged technological perspective. Australian government creates another threat for them by declaring their product illegal. The amount of money, that they have invested in manufacturing those products are gone in vain and this is the reason the company is facing such a bad time in their recent past. Large companies are also trying to take over the relatively small companies like Ventura as they are not so strong in technological aspect and this is also considered athreatto the company. Analysis of Threats and Opportunities Threats are very predominant in Ventura Boats Company and their usage of traditional boats creates a problem for the company in terms of revenue generation. Australia government imposed some allegation over their boats and that is the reason their business has got a huge threat (Kleeman 2014). Companys morale becomes down, employees are resigning and efficient employees are searching for new jobs so overall a negetive influnce has been set up in the comapny. In case of opportunities, it can be only possible to spread their business in overseas countries. Traditional luxury boats are not restricted enough in those places so better business opportunities will be expected in those regions. Ansoffs Matrix In case of market penetration, the company has not entered with their existing products as the products are outdated. Their new products are not so innovative or technologically proper to sustainin the new market so market penetration chances are quite low for the company. In case of products development, the development is only possible if innovative and technologically strong products are evolved in the market and this is the reason their market enhancement has stopped as well as their revenue generation. Products are the augmented parameter for a company. If traditional innovations are not changed in a right way and new process are not implemented then it is quite difficult for the company to sustain in Australian market (Sulistiyono, Mutmainnah and Furusho 2018). New products are not coming up and that is the reason company is not extending their business through product development. In case of market diversification or product diversification, no changes are noticed in their production. Same traditional boats are still their assets and they tried to run their business through those boats. However, the reality determines that technological enhancement in boats are required and that help in their sustainable condition. Recommendations Compare to other nations, Australia is facing more trouble in yachting. In 2015 the marine market of France has grown 2.7% and the overall turnover was $4.41bn (Ibinews.com 2018). Their service, maintenance, government initiation all these business aspects are taken care by the government so Australia government needs to step up and provide all kind of facilities so that small companies like Ventura Boats is not facing this situation (Hourston, McDonald and Hewitt 2015). In Italy, thetechnology sector has improved a lot in this sector. Good amount of accessories and infrastructural change also happen in this country. These factors resulted in 13% increase in total sale and 25% increase in total revenue generation (Ibinews.com 2018). Thus, technological changes are needed for market expansion and this needs to be understood by Ventura authority. IntheUK, their domestic market is the only source of better revenue generation due to the promotion. 68% increase in total revenue in 2013-2014 sessions is the reflection of their domestic promotion (Ibinews.com 2018). So, Ventura needs to take this opportunity to reach the maximum amount of people through promotion (Bbc.com 2017). References Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014. Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Bbc.com 2017 UK superyacht industry sales rise to highest since 2008retrieved from:https://www.bbc.com/news/business-38548901[Accessed on 4th February, 2018] Challagalla, G., Murtha, B.R. and Jaworski, B., 2014.Marketing doctrine: a principles-based approach to guiding marketing decision making in firms.Journal of Marketing,78(4), pp.4-20. Hourston, M., McDonald, J.I. and Hewitt, M.J., 2015. Public engagement for the detection of the introduced marine species Charybdis japonica in Western Australia.Management of Biological Invasions,6(3), pp.243-252. Ibinews.com 2018 International Boat Industry retrieved from: https://www.ibinews.com/country-reports/page/3 [Accessed on 4th February, 2018] Kleeman, G., 2014. Global cruise industry.Geography bulletin,46(1), p.28. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N.D., Wells, W.D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L. and Spence-Stone, R., 2014.Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia. Sulistiyono, A.B., Mutmainnah, W. and Furusho, M., 2018. The Improvement of Yacht Entry and Exit Ports as a Marina in Indonesia. InApplied Mechanics and Materials(Vol. 874, pp. 215-220). Trans Tech Publications.

Panama Cannal Essays - Panama Canal, Gatun Dam, Culebra Cut, Canal

Panama Cannal The Panama Canal; A Shorter Trade Route. Jo Bob Running head :The Panama Canal; A Shorter Trade Route Abstract For centurys man has used water as way to get from one place to another very quickly. The Panama Canal is no exception. From around the start of the 16th century people have been trying to find a way to cut a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. Many misfortunes and deaths have been sacrificed to obtain this goal. Finally in 1914 the American had completed one of the greatest feats of all time the Panama Canal, cutting a many months journey to nine hours. The Panama Canal; The Shorter Trade Route. Europeans had wanted of Central American canal as early as the 16thy century; President Ulysses S. Grant sent seven expeditions to study the feasibility of digging the cannel. As travel and trade in the Western Hemisphere increased the need for a canal grew increasingly more important. To sail from the Atlantic to the pacific, ships navigated around the Cape Horn. This was a long and very dangerous trip especially around the tip of South America. A New York to San Francisco journey measured more than 13000 miles and took months to complete. The canals construction was badly needed. History Of Canals A canal is an artificial waterway built for navigation, crop irrigation, water supply and drainage. Canals are usually connected with natural bodies of water or other canal. Canals have been used for thousands of years. They started out in early civilization in the middle east as a way to bring water to the city and to water their crops. In the 3rd century the Chinese began building canals, the longest of these early canals was more than 1000 miles long. Making it the longest artificial waterway in the world. (Britannica(no date)) Romans built huge canals mainly for military transport. By the twelfth century 85% of all Medieval European travel was by waterway.( Britannica(no date)) The greatest invention in canal construction came along 1373. The Dutch developed the pound lock system. The Lock system uses a series of chambers that can be flooded or drained so the ship can change elevation. This allowed canals to be built where elevation made it impossible. This brings us to the modern era of canal building and one of the greatest engineering feats of all time the Panama Canal. The French A French Developer Ferdinand de Lesseps believed that the Panama Canal could make lots of money for investors. The French cut a broad path through the jungle and on January 20, 1882 they commenced digging. They brought with them tons of modern equipment. They had steam shovels and locomotive and dredges. Their work crews were mostly black and Indian labors. In the first months, the digging proceeded slowly but steadily. Then the rain began and the French faced many dangers. The crew faced miles upon mile of impassable jungle, and very heavy rain. In the jungle they also faced insects, snakes, swamps, small pox, malaria, yellow fever, and flooding of the charges river. The Charges sakes across the canal route a total of fourteen times. The French dammed the river so they could drudge the canal but every time it would rain the river would swell and break the dams. It would sweep away workers, destroy equipment, and fill in the canal with sediment. If that wasnt enough the stagnate water that was formed, breaded large amount of deadly insects. Three out of four men hospitalized at the very modern Ancon hospital died. Finally in 1888 the project was abandoned and lots of French investors lost money. About $287,000,000 had been spent eleven miles of the canal had been dug and 20,000 men lost their lives.(Britannica(no date)) The canal remained unfinished but the dream had not yet died. Theodore Roosevelt would soon take up the cause. The Americans The strategic necessity and the desire of business men to have access to the Pacific market combined in the late 1890s to convince the president and Congress that a canal linking the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean was vital to Americans. The British government gave up its right to joint construction with The United States in 1901. The French company, which had tried unsuccessfully to dig the canal

Free Essays on American History X

â€Å"American History X† is about Danny Vinyard (Edward Furlong) and his older brother Derek (Edward Norton). Danny has to write an essay about what led Derek to jail, after giving an essay on Hitler’s â€Å"Mein Kampf†. When Derek comes out of prison he no longer has the racist believes that led him into a three years incarceration, and tries to stop Danny from following the same path he followed, and also repair the damage he caused in his family. In this film we can see the discourses that some of the characters make about the racism; mostly influenced by their social, economical and religious status. Derek is the most complex character of all as he realizes that he was in an error when he had all that anti-Semitism ideas. Before going to jail his discourse was that every countries problem â€Å"is race related, not just crime, also aids, welfare and immigration. The problems are rooted in the black community, the Hispanic community, the Asian †¦ every non-protestant and non-white group†. Immigrants come to explode the country. He thinks that they are losing their freedom and that the state wastes on immigrants billions of dollars on people that shouldn’t even be there. He also thinks that the immigration problem is out of control because of the incessant coming of Asians, Mexicans, and Africans, and that all this makes the white Americans to be seen as criminals giving all the rewarding, benefits and advantages to the immigrants; and also that the media adapts the information in favour of them, showing only one part of reality as in Robny Kings case, when they only showed how the cops beat him on and on, and not showing that he attacked the cops three times. When Derek comes out of jail, thank to his black friend Lamont, he realizes that he was wrong and his new discourse is about equality and how hate cant blind you taking you to the most animal reactions. Danny as he says in the film â€Å"when people loo... Free Essays on American History X Free Essays on American History X â€Å"American History X† is about Danny Vinyard (Edward Furlong) and his older brother Derek (Edward Norton). Danny has to write an essay about what led Derek to jail, after giving an essay on Hitler’s â€Å"Mein Kampf†. When Derek comes out of prison he no longer has the racist believes that led him into a three years incarceration, and tries to stop Danny from following the same path he followed, and also repair the damage he caused in his family. In this film we can see the discourses that some of the characters make about the racism; mostly influenced by their social, economical and religious status. Derek is the most complex character of all as he realizes that he was in an error when he had all that anti-Semitism ideas. Before going to jail his discourse was that every countries problem â€Å"is race related, not just crime, also aids, welfare and immigration. The problems are rooted in the black community, the Hispanic community, the Asian †¦ every non-protestant and non-white group†. Immigrants come to explode the country. He thinks that they are losing their freedom and that the state wastes on immigrants billions of dollars on people that shouldn’t even be there. He also thinks that the immigration problem is out of control because of the incessant coming of Asians, Mexicans, and Africans, and that all this makes the white Americans to be seen as criminals giving all the rewarding, benefits and advantages to the immigrants; and also that the media adapts the information in favour of them, showing only one part of reality as in Robny Kings case, whe n they only showed how the cops beat him on and on, and not showing that he attacked the cops three times. When Derek comes out of jail, thank to his black friend Lamont, he realizes that he was wrong and his new discourse is about equality and how hate cant blind you taking you to the most animal reactions. Danny as he says in the film â€Å"when people loo...

Adverbial Definition and Examples

Adverbial Definition and Examples In English grammar, an adverbial is an individual word (that is, an adverb), a phrase (an adverbial phrase), or a clause (an adverbial clause) that can modify a verb, an adjective, or a complete sentence. Like almost any adverb, an adverbial can appear in many different positions in a sentence. Examples and Observations My sister usually visits on Sundays.When she isnt working, my sister visits on Sundays.My sister visits on Sundays when she isnt working. The Difference Between Adverbs and Adverbials Adverbs and adverbials are similar but not the same. Though they share the same modifying function, their characters are different. An adverbial is a sentence element or functional category. It is a part of a sentence that performs a certain function. An adverb, on the other hand, is a type of word or part of speech. We can say that an adverb may serve as an adverbial, but an adverbial is not necessarily an adverb. (M. Strumpf and A. Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Owl, 2004)I want to [draw] a distinction between two terms: adverb and adverbial. The former term is a label for a syntactic category, covering familiar single-word items such as quickly, happily, and spontaneously. The latter term refers to a function. Linguistic elements that have this function include adverbs plus other linguistic elements such as phrases (on the table, at the bookstore, next week, last year, etc.) and clauses (e.g., after he saw the movie). (Martin J. Endley, Linguistic Perspectives on English Grammar. Inf ormation Age, 2010) Types of Adverbials [The class of adverbial] includes manner and degree adverbs (e.g. happily, clumsily, quickly, very), temporal adverbials (e.g. now, when, today), spatial adverbials (here, north, up, across), attitudinal adverbials (certainly, hopefully), modal adverbials (not, no, probably, etc.), expectation adverbials (only, even, again), and textual adverbials (firstly, finally). (W. McGregor, Semiotic Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1997)In most cases when we talk about adverbial classes as classes exhibiting syntactic characteristics, the classes get a label that suggests a semantic basis of the classification. Picking randomly from different classifications and ordering them roughly from syntactically higher to lower adverbials, there are speaker-oriented speech act adverbials (frankly) and speaker-oriented evaluative ones (fortunately), evidential adverbials (evidently), epistemic adverbials (probably), domain adverbials (linguistically), subject-oriented or agent-oriented adverbials (delib erately), temporal adverbials (now), locative adverbials (here), quantificational adverbials (frequently), manner adverbials (slowly), degree adverbs (very), etc. (Jennifer R. Austin, Stefan Engelberg, and Gisa Rauh, Current Issues in the Syntax and Semantics of Adverbials. Adverbials: The Interplay Between Meaning, Context, and Syntactic Structure, ed. by J.R. Austin et al. John Benjamins, 2004) Placement of Adverbials In reality, adverbials are very free in their placement, appearing in different positions in the sentence, not just sentence final: sentence initial- [Yesterday], I ran a marathon.sentence final- I ran a marathon [yesterday].preverbal- I [always] run well in the heat.postverbal- I handed the baton [quickly] to the next runner.within the verb group- I have [never] won a race. The various types of adverbials behave differently, however; while all can occur sentence finally, time adverbials are acceptable sentence initially and sometimes preverbally, place adverbials are clumsy sentence initially, and manner adverbials frequently occur preverbally but are less good sentence initially. One position which is impossible for adverbials is between the verb and the direct object. (Laurel J. Brinton,  The Structure of Modern English. John Benjamins, 2000)

Business Scenarios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Scenarios - Essay Example Moreover, it appears that he is in school just to pass time. One strategy to assist in seeking a solution to the predicament is informing the teacher because he or she may understand why the student lacks interest in education. Apparently, family issues can be the reason behind the student’s lack of interest in education. Since students are afraid to share their problems with their fellow students, the teacher will be of substantial help because students feel free to share their problems with teachers as opposed to their fellow students. Another strategy that may work is trying to inquire from the student the reasons for showing minimal commitment to work. By doing so, a student may reveal his problems and the students can devise a way of assisting the student in eliminating his problem. However, the best solution to curb the problem is referring the student to the school’s counselor. As stated earlier, family issues may be the reason why the student fails to value education. The counselor would be of immense help because they can interact with the student and know the problem. Moreover, they can advise the student on appropriate ways to eliminate the problem at

Literary Lenses in our Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literary Lenses in our Media - Essay Example The themes include the quest and the fall, and contain legend and myth within the plot. â€Å"Heroes† has the basic underlying of any story having to deal with a superhero. There is the good side and the bad side, and the adventures and turmoil that they all must go through in regards to who they are. The legend and myth that can be found within the story are typical of all superheroes – these people possess powers that have only been previously heard or seen in myths and tales. Once these characters receives these powers of legend, they must wield them and use them how they see fit, to their benefit. After the powers have been discovered and the characters understand what they must do with them, the things that follow – their adventures and moments of rescue and brevity – are also tales only found in legend. This literary lens basically shows things that normally should not be possible other than in their legends, yet still prove to be possible in the modern-day tale. The characters fall into the same positions as their myth counterparts, and the themes are set up in the same way, though modernized of course. With older superhero films, such as Superman, Batman, and Spiderman, the same rules apply in which ordinary people discover that they can do extraordinary things, and they must learn to use said things for their benefit in a positive way. Though, this does not always apply to the villains. Another literary lens that can be seen in â€Å"Heroes† is that of existentialism, which involves how a person exists, lives their life, and alters it to fit their environment and their purpose. The characters of â€Å"Heroes† both shape their existence and allow themselves to be shaped by it. They take who they are and use that knowledge and power to help others, and they let the need of others decide for them what they have to do. In â€Å"Heroes,† the characters are constantly choosing between what they have to do, what they want to do, and what

Marketing Strategy and Economic Changes Essay Example for Free

Marketing Strategy and Economic Changes Essay Marketing Strategy and Economic Changes Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many organizations and business entities have developed and expanded their operations across the world as a result of the great developments which have been experienced in various economies across the world. One of the major issues that have contributed to the growth of organization is their strategies in marketing their products and services so that the consumers are aware of what they are offering. Marketing strategies when implemented properly often bring good returns to a company in terms of increased market share, increased sales as well as increase in the profitability(Larson, 2011).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Failure of a company to have effective marketing strategy can result in failure and collapse of the business since the company is not able to promote its products and influence the purchasing behaviour of the consumers (Parker, 2011). It is important that an organization should formulate a marketing strategy that will enable it realize its objectives and goals in the short and long run. However, there are changes in the economy which may affect the marketing strategies which an organization applies for its products so that it can be able to stay in the market. Economic issues such recession and depression in the economy may force a company or an organization to change the strategies and adopt new ones that will not affect the company negatively. Nike Inc is a multinational organization that deals in sportswear in terms of clothes as well as shoes for all groups of people(Nike: The Future Of Marketing, 2012). Nike Inc   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nike Inc is a worldwide known brand of sportswear designer, manufacturer as well as distributor and seller across the world. The company is known to produce one of the top quality brands of products that are used across different sports in the world. The company has been in the forefront in ensuring that its marketing strategies are effective and capture the market as well as help it stay on top of the competition(Zakrevskaya, Mastracci, 2013). The marketing strategies which the company has been using include brand promotion and commercials with the endorsement of famous celebrities in the sports field. The company uses successful sports professionals, college teams as well as celebrities who they sponsor using their products(Nike: The Future Of Marketing, 2012).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the successful sports professional such as Michael Jordan are seen by consumers to use the products of the company, there are high chances that the consumers will be influenced to purchase the products since someone that is successful has recommended them and also makes use of them(Larson, 2011). This marketing strategy of using celebrities and successful sports persons builds the notion in consumers that they too can have the same experience as the sports persons that use the same products and also show their association with the persons of their choice. The company has also made use of marketing segmentation as part of its marketing strategy. Nike Inc has majority of the sportsmen as its consumers (Nike: The Future Of Marketing, 2012).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, changes in the global economy can have negative impacts and influence the marketing strategies of the company. As mentioned earlier, economic factors such as the occurrence of recession, as well as depression are some of the economic factors which can influence and impact the marketing strategies of the company(DATAMONITOR: NIKE, Inc., 2012). The impacts of the economic changes can be analysed in terms of the effect on the competitive advantage of the company, targeting, market segmentation as well as positioning in addition to branding of products. Impacts of Economic Changes Competitive Advantage   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Economic recession and depression are the major economic changes that can greatly affect the marketing strategies that Nike Inc applies. During the economic recession and depression, it means that there is less supply of cash and that people do not have enough to sustain their normal purchasingbehaviour(Zakrevskaya, Mastracci, 2013). The products that Nike Inc offers to the consumers, especially the sportsmen are often of high price. Recession and depression will mean that the company will have to look for new marketing strategies which can still help sustain its profitability. Sponsoring of the sportsmen is the primary marketing strategy which the company has used for many years and has been seen to be effective (OnurTaÅŸ, CunedioÄŸlu, 2014).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, during recession and depression, Nike Inc will be forced to forgo some of the sponsorships since it will not be able to sustain the sponsorships which are often free to the athletes in return for the athletes wearing the brands of the company(DATAMONITOR: NIKE, Inc., 2012). The company would want to reduce its costs in sponsoring during the recessions and depression since many people at this time do not have enough funds to spare which they can spend on high-end products such as those of Nike. Companies that produce substitute products which are cheaper will have an added advantage compared to Nike (Groucutt, Forsyth, Leadley, 2004). Consumers would want to purchase less of the high-end products hence accusing Nike Inc to lose its competitive advantage to the competitors that offer cheaper products. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nike Inc is a well-known brand and often uses marketing segmentation as a way of promoting is products. The market segment that the company has engaged in is the sportsmen segment in the market (DATAMONITOR: NIKE, Inc., 2012). The primary target has been athletes and people that engage in sporting activities across the world from different age groups. This means that the company relies heavily on sports to promote and sell its products. Therefore, when there is economic recession and depression, the company may want to adapt a new market segment, that of those that are not involved in sports(OnurTaÅŸ, CunedioÄŸlu, 2014). However, the marketing segmentation and targeting of the non-sporting groups will mean that the company has to adjust the pricing of its products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, the targeting strategy of the company will be affected negatively since it will need to change from just sponsorship of the sportsmen but also to check on diversity of its products. Under positioning in the market, Nike Inc has been able to position itself strategically across the globe in many countries(Zakrevskaya, Mastracci, 2013). The company operates in different countries hence has a global presence which is good for the company. The economic recession and depression will not have a major impact on the positioning of the company as it already has a global presence. However, it may have to look at other markets that are developing where the market may not be greatly affected by the changes in the global economy(MacEwan, Miller, 2011). Branding   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The other aspect of marketing strategy that may be affected by the negative economic changes in the global economy is branding. Nike Inc has been observed to have a strong brand that commands a huge market share as compared to other competitors(Lee, Ha, 2012). The branding of the company’s product will not be affected since the company has a fully established brand that is well known and has a great market share in sports. Impact on Consumer Behaviour   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Changes in the global economy, especially issues such as recession and depression in the economy will have an impact on the consumer behaviour and how they make their purchasing decisions; especially regarding the products of Nike Inc(MacEwan, Miller, 2011). Consumers depend on their income to purchase products and when the global economy faces issue such as recession and depression, their income is likely to be affected. Therefore, the consumers in this case will shy away from high-end products since they are expensive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the law of demand, when the price of an item is high, there are chances that the demand may decline. Income is a determinant factor hence the purchasing behaviour of the consumers will change with consumers seeking for more urgent needs such as food and clothing and other needs instead of spending their money on sportswear (Zakrevskaya, Mastracci, 2013). Therefore, Nike will be forced to seek alternative marketing strategy which will still appeal to the consumers such as offering of discounts and providing affordable products. Consumers during recession and depression will often seek for substitute products that can still function the same way as the primary product hence they will opt to purchase other types of clothing that can still perform the functions of Nike products. Growth Opportunities   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The global economy is constantly experiencing growth which continues to create opportunities for many companies in the world, Nike Inc included, to grow and expand on their business. Nike Inc has potential for growth in various areas based on the technological developments which have continued to increase innovation and creativity (MacEwan, Miller, 2011). Furthermore, the many policies in various countries on business have been changed to open up borders for international trade in various countries across the world which means an increase in the potential market for the products of the company. The growth opportunities that the company has include the growing global market for footwear as well as the growing opportunity in online retail. Global footwear market   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the recent years, there has been tremendous growth that has been experienced in the global market on footwear which provides Nike with an excellent opportunity to grow its business (NIKE, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 2014). The company has a strong brand portfolio as well as strong marketing strategies which if properly managed will enhance the business. As mentioned, there has been a lot of reduction in trade barriers in many countries across the world through trade treaties which have opened up new markets especially bin developing countries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The global market for footwear has grown over the years and in the year 2012; the revenue generated amounted to about $256.6 billion. The European markets as well as the Asian markets have also experienced growth over the years which provide a great opportunity for the growth of the company (Lee, Ha, 2012). The global footwear market is poised to grow a lot and hence Nike should take up the opportunity since there is a growing demand among consumers for footwear products that are comfortable. Online Retail   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The other growth opportunity that Nike Inc has is online retailing. Over the years, there has been a growing trend among consumers to make purchases online as a result of the technological as well as the development of the internet(NIKE, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 2014). Consumers over the recent past have been seen to prefer online purchasing which they consider to be affordable, efficient as well as convenient. Therefore, Nike Inc, through its website and creation of an online store for its products, can growth in the future (Larson, 2011). References DATAMONITOR: NIKE, Inc. (2012). NIKE, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 1-10. Groucutt, J., Forsyth, P., Leadley, P. (2004).Marketing: Essential principles, new realities. London [u.a.: Kogan Page. Larson, D. (2011). Global Brand Management Nikes Global Brand.ISM Journal OfInternational Business, 1(3), 1-14. Lee, K., Ha, I. â€Å".(2012). Exploring the Impacts of Key Economic Indicators and Economic Recessions in the Restaurant Industry.Journal Of Hospitality Marketing Management, 21(3), 330-343 MacEwan, A., Miller, J. A. (2011).Economic collapse, economic change: Getting to the roots of the crisis. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe. NIKE, Inc. SWOT Analysis. (2014). NIKE, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 1-8. Nike: The Future Of Marketing. (2012). Marketing (00253650), 28. OnurTaÅŸ, B. K., CunedioÄŸlu, H. E. (2014). HOW CAN RECESSIONS BE BROUGHT TO AN END? EFFECTS OF MACROECONOMIC POLICY ACTIONS ON DURATIONS OF RECESSIONS.Journal Of Applied Economics, 17(1), 179-198. Parker, J. A. (2011).On Measuring the Effects of Fiscal Policy in Recessions.Journal OfEconomic Literature, 49(3), 703-718. Zakrevskaya, O., Mastracci, S. (2013). Differential Effects of the Great Recession by Household Type.Challenge (05775132), 56(6), 87-114. Source document

Amputation and Surgery in the 19th Century :: Victorian Era

Amputation and Surgery in the 19th Century Surgery and Amputation During this period a deep cut could lead to infection, and the only treatment for infections was amputation and cauterization. However, hospitals and medical instruments were hardly if ever sanitized, so one could often come out of the hospital worse than when one went in (Bloodwiki). It was not uncommon for a person to survive a surgery only to be set upon by diseases such as hospital gangrene and septicaemia (Youngson 29). Youngson describes hospitals as â€Å"dark and overcrowded, ill-run and insanitary. It was not uncommon to see in the same ward, at the same time, cases of, (let us say) typhoid fever, erysipelas, pneumonia, rickets, dysentery; nor was it uncommon to see two patients in the same bed† (Youngson 24). Anesthesia was not used in surgeries until 1846, so prior to that the patient was completely conscious when they operated on him or her, unless the patient passed out from pain. Patients were uneager to be cut into while they were awake: â€Å"Dragged unwilling ly or carried from the ward to the operating theatre by a couple of hospital attendants (in Edinburgh a large wicker basker was used for this purpose) the patient was laid on the operating table and if necessary strapped down† (Youngson 27). The tools used in surgeries can be seen here. Anesthetics Anesthetics were not used in surgery until October 16, 1846, in Massachusetts General Hospital (Youngson 51). The anesthesia was a inhaled gas known as ether. In 1847 a doctor by the name of James Simpson popularized chloroform as an alternative to ether. According to Simpson chloroform could do more with less, act faster and last longer than ether, is more pleasing to the senses than ether, and is cheaper (qtd. in Youngson 70). Chloroform also did not need an inhaling device like ether did; it could be placed on a piece of cloth and work just as well (Youngson 70). Antiseptics One of the leading surgeons of the time was also the first surgeon to use antiseptics in surgery. Joseph Lister believed that infections were a result of bacteria. He used various methods to fight the bacteria, constantly changing his methods over the years. He even went so far as to use vaporizing sprays in the surgery areas (Connor). His original method, developed in March of 1847, to keep a wound sterilized was to â€Å"[use] [carbolic acid] to clean a wound, and then [apply] a piece of lint, soaked in the acid, as a dressing, covered by a slightly larger piece of thin tin or sheet lead in order to prevent evaporation of the acid.

7p’s marketing mix Essay

The product is basically a smooth orange juice made with natural orange and is organic, with benefits such as it’s never sweetened, never concentrated, there are 11 juicy hand-picked oranges in every bottle ,there is 1 portion of fruit in every 150ml serving. (Also used in this report will be smoothie drinks and it will be part of the marketing mix) The product itself is part of the marketing mix because if the product is unique and offers quite a few benefits then it will help the marketers in selling it, also the fact that the product has what juice drinkers looking for, for example they will be looking for good taste, good health and part of their five a day including additional benefits such as a good source of vitamin c, all these factors help the product be the best it can be and help it sell in the shelves of supermarkets. Promotion The promotion of the juice is done in many different ways, one of the most used is advertising but their other forms of indirect advertising such as sponsorship are also methods of promotion. For innocent the promotion element was very important because they were unknown in the market because they were a new start-up so they marketed their product quite heavily and managed to get their product into a major supermarket which extended their reach nationally and enabled them to advertise on TV, newspapers and major banners on the highways. Eventually all this promotion helped them get to the ? 100million pound turnover that they have today. Over the years their promotion has helped them increase market share and compete with smoothie market leader â€Å"pj† Price The 3 founders of innocent found it surprisingly easy to break into major outlets even though their retail prices were as high as ? 2 for a small, 200 ml bottle. By 2002/2003 sales had risen to ? 10 million a year and the future looked very bright. Then things became a bit tougher. The smoothie market had been originated in Britain in 1994 by a company called ‘PJ’. Stung by Innocent’s success, in 2003 PJ Smoothies were promoted more heavily, stabilising their market leading position. Then the major supermarkets started offering own-label smoothies. With a Tesco’s own-label bottle at ? 1. 39, it would be much harder to charge ? 1. 99 so innocent had to fight on price with competitors and keep growing but they focused on justifying thus making it a very good product which helped it sell at the high end of the price graph. A pro of having a high price is people automatically assume it is a good brand and this help in the marketing because they are seen as quality providers in public so when innocent launch a cheaper alternative they will not find it difficult to sell to people with tighter budgets. People The people behind the brand are well known in the public, they are two former university students who after leaving university, Richard Reed, Adam Balon and Jon Wright decided to try their own business, selling fresh fruit smoothies. The idea started when they spent ? 500 on strawberries and bananas, they went to a festival and got feedback of their smoothies from the public, in the end they got amazing feedback and set up their business so it’s evident that the people behind the company are passionate about the business and have helped raise funds for the start-up and market the business, also they are famous for creating a very good environment to work in (image below) which helps the people in creativity and work productivity and this is a marketing edge which is used when innocent promote their products, they are very happy to publicise the work environment which innocent provides them. Physical The exterior appearance of innocent packaging is very attractive and overall the company projects a very attractive feel for the organisation, even the headquarter buildings of innocent are very well designed and the work place is very clean and attractive and this projects a very good image of the company and in marketing terms a very good proposition to the customer. The logo’s on bottles is very well designed and the graphic fruit images does not hinder in the marketing mix, the packaging delivers a very fresh and exciting look to the customers as much as the fruits themselves. Place The distribution channel is always very important because we all the marketing in the world if people can’t purchase your product then it pretty pointless so it’s vital that innocent are available in a lot of stores, they are available in tesco, asda and Sainsbury’s and together these stores have 80% of market share in the UK so in essence they are very well placed and this gives them a marketing advantage. Process Also important is the process in which the apple goes from field to factory, from factory to store and this logistical side of the equation is important because it’s great to be selling to Tesco, you have to be able to deliver the top quality product promised. So innocent have farms where they produce the fruit also they buy in fruit and transport the products to their production faculty where the smoothies are made and packaged thereafter they are delivered to supermarkets nation-wide, this process helps them get products into place and products to customers quick and effectively. Conclusion During this process of writing this marketing mix, I have realized that the marketing mix is inter-linked and each part works with another, so the promotion work with the price and the people and so on so forth, so in terms of innocent they are covering the marketing mix quite well.

Animal Research as an Integral Part of Society

As Doctor Zola-Morgan stated in a speech to animal right activists, â€Å"I†ve seen the impact of the animal rights movement. I believe this is an attack on science of the worst kind. If we allow it to prevail it will take us back to the dark ages.† Too much of the public has come to think of medical researchers as â€Å"tormenters rather than healers.† The good is overlooked and the bad is exploited. Although many people think that animal research is morally wrong, animal research should continue because it is critical to continued progress in human health and alternatives to research animals are not available. Animal rights activists feel that animal research is immoral. They do not see where we as human beings see or feel that we are the dominant species. They often assert that research with animals causes severe pain and that many research animals are abused. The activists do not feel the need to put the animals through such pain. Many of the experiments are replicated also which causes an unneeded demand for animals to perform experiments. Experiments which have already been proven are still being experimented with. However, animal research is an integral part of today†s society when thinking of how much progress we have gained in human health with the use of animal experimentation. To date some forty-one Nobel prizes have been awarded to scientists whose achievements depended on laboratory animals. Vaccines against polio, diphtheria, mumps, measles, rubella, and smallpox would not have been possible without such experiments. There also would not be such important techniques such as open heart surgery, brain surgery, coronary bypass, microsurgery to re-attached limbs, organ transplants, and correction of congenital heart defects. The list goes on about the medical advances that required animal research. Insulin to control diabetes and medications important in the management of asthma, epilepsy, arthritis, ulcers, and hypertensions are a few more to add to the list. To take animal research away would also be to halt our society†s advancement of more procedures and more medicines to enhanc he better living of humans. In addition, there are no alternatives to animal experimentation that can give the same results that it can. In certain research investigations, cell, tissue, organ cultures, and computer models can be used at least in the preliminary phases of the investigation. However, in many experimental situations, culture techniques and computer models do not capture the â€Å"physiological complexity† of the whole animal. Some examples of where animals are necessary in research include the development of a vaccine against HIV and improvement of methods to relieve mental stress and anxiety. These challenges can only be addressed by research with animals. Computer models and cultures cannot get the whole body effect of an experiment. Humans are the only alternatives to animals for this and when faced with this alternative, most people prefer the use on animals as the research model. Animal research is necessary to maintain our society†s well being. Many people think it is morally wrong but when the advantages are considered with the disadvantages, the good outweighs the bad. Animal Research is necessary to continued progress in human health. If other methods were available they would be given a fair chance but for now only animal experimentation works best. If all of the advances in human health were taken away our society would still be in a primitive age. Animal research has taken us out of that age.

The Complete Guide to a Geology Essay Writing

The Complete Guide to a Geology Essay Writing Students will often be required to complete essays in the course of their careers. It can be intimidating or frustrating when a student does not understand how to complete an essay that can be appealing to the target audience. There is no need to worry as essays are quite simple and easy to write compared to other types of geology papers, such as term papers, research papers, and reports. However, there are some basics that students need to know in order to write an essay that is logical, flowing, and easy to comprehend. There is a high possibility that you cannot impress the audience if you do not follow these basic elements. That is why professors provide students with guidelines on how to complete various types of papers. Writing assignments, and in this case, essays provide an effective way of testing how students can link various concepts that they have learned in class. For example, the professor might want to seek whether you have grasped important ideas on the sequence of events that lead to the formation of a tsunami. A student who is able to connect the concepts shows that he or she can have wider perspectives about many different geologic processes. It is important to consider these aspects when planning and writing an essay so as to meet the expectations of your professor. This step-by-step geology essay guide can help you in the process of writing an appealing geology essay, from choosing the right topic to proofreading and referencing. Choosing a Topic for a Geology Essay: 5 Characteristics of a Strong Title The field of geology is wide and it is not possible to cover all concepts in a single essay. Hence, students have to choose a topic that can be covered comprehensively. The topic should not be too wide to the extent that it might not be possible to cover all ideas in a single essay. A topic such as â€Å"The Impact of Mineral Mining and Processing on the Environment† is a wide topic for an essay. The topic can be narrowed down into â€Å"The Impact of Oil Mining on Underground Water.† However, students might wonder how they can reach the most suitable topic. Here are some of the important geology essay tips that can help students during the process. Students should read through and understand instructions offered by a professor. They should cover all the materials in the syllabus and conduct online research where appropriate. If the instructor has asked for a specific topic for the essay, the student needs to focus on that topic. Moreover, they should understand whether there are specific points that should be covered in the essay. They should not stray away from these requirements. In case the instructor needs you to come up with your own topic, you should ensure that the selected topic is narrow enough to be covered within the limitations of the assignment. It is vital to stay open-minded and critical when brainstorming ideas for an essay. They can be obtained from a variety of sources, such as geology books, journal articles, research papers, etc. Taking into account all the previous points, you should be able to select the most suitable topic for the essay. They will now be ready to move to the next step and start planning the essay. Examples of possible geology essay topics: Environmental Effects of Coal Mining in Northeast Wyoming; Impact of Volcanic Activities in Hawaii; How to Undertake an Effective Landslide Risk Assessment; Effects of Groundwater Abstraction on Wetlands; How to Restore Self-sustaining Coastal Ecosystems. Getting Down to Writing: The Essential Steps Our Writers Also Make So, when the topic is chosen, the next step is to plan the essay. This step is generally focused on providing an overview of the main ideas. Otherwise, poor planning will lead to an essay that is incoherent and pointless. Students are recommended to be careful with this stage as it sets the foundation. At this point, they should pick an appropriate title and write a concise thesis statement. A Title for the Essay The title of an essay should be very specific, which means that students might have to refine the title of the topic that they choose. However, the same wording can be used in case it meets the requirements of an effective title. Although the title should be brief, it needs to be representative of the information in the essay. Word order is critical in conveying the intended meaning of the title. An example of a suitable title is â€Å"The Social and Economic Effects of Volcanic Eruptions in Hawaii.† This title is specific as it clearly shows that the reader should expect the essay that is limited to the social and economic issues. Selecting Suitable Sources to Support the Main Ideas After picking the title, students should focus on identifying sources that will be used to support the ideas that will be presented in the paper. For an academic essay, it is important to select sources from credible and reliable sources. Some of these sources include peer-reviewed journal articles, books, mainstream news media, government websites, etc. The sources should be relevant to the topic and contain information that is current and appropriate. Students should be able to extract ideas from these sources and understand how they will be linked to support the topic. A combination of ideas from the selected sources will result in the formulation of an appropriate thesis statement. Write a Concise Thesis Statement The thesis is considered a foundation of an essay as it presents a summary of the ideas that the author is presenting. It is important that you choose the strongest ideas that can be used to support the chosen topic. It is vital to note that these are ideas that will support the essay based on the evidence obtained from outside research. A thesis statement should not only provide a narrow focus on the topic but also the concepts that the essay will present. An example of a thesis statement is â€Å"The volcanic eruptions in Hawaii have led to the displacement of people, damage to property and infrastructure, and deposition of lava on the landscape.† This is a clear thesis that shows the main ideas that will be discussed in the essay and supported by outside research. The statement should be included at the end of the first or introductory part of the essay. Once all the elements are defined, a student should be ready to write the initial draft based on the outline provided in the following section. Meet the General Format for the Essay and the Instructor’s Demands At this point, students should have acquired all the vital skills that are needed in the writing of an effective geology essay. Since they have a clearly defined topic, this is the time you should put the ideas down using an appropriate essay format. The structure of an essay is quite similar to other types of papers as its main components include the introduction, main body, and conclusion. The content that is presented under each of the three elements is what differs. The outline presented below offers a detailed analysis of each segment. Introduction The introduction part of a geology essay is important as it can influence the audience to read the entire essay. Hence, it is a responsibility of the student to create a compelling introduction that can hook the reader. In other words, the introduction should orientate the reader to the idea of the essay in a manner that will capture his or her interest. After grabbing the reader’s attention, the introductory part should define the focus or purpose of the essay. These are statements that can enable the reader to understand the relevance of the essay. Hence, it is vital for the student to provide some background information about the topic. This is followed by information that offers an outline of the purpose of the essay. The final part of the introduction is the thesis statement, a brief summary of the objective of the essay. The formulation of a thesis was discussed in the previous section. Main Body The main body of the essay contains a series of paragraphs that are used to communicate the main ideas indicated in the thesis statement. Actually, the paragraphs should be a direct reflection of the statement. It would be important to balance the number of words in each paragraph and ensure that the entire essay remains within the word limit. Otherwise, exceeding the recommended limit can result in downgrading. Each paragraph should have three important components, including topic sentence, supporting details, and concluding the sentence. The topic statement introduces the main idea discussed in the paragraph. The supporting details are the concepts supporting the claims or ideas in the topic sentence. The supporting information is usually obtained from external sources that are relevant to the topic. The final part of a paragraph is the concluding sentence that provides a summary of the ideas discussed in the paragraph. All these components should be connected in a coherent manner and use appropriate transitions between paragraphs. Conclusion The conclusion is the last part of a geology essay and offers a summary of the main points and how they can be perceived in the larger sense. For example, it can show the implications of the entire idea or issues that are yet to be addressed. Besides, the conclusion can suggest the next steps after the thesis statement is discussed and proved. The information offered in the concluding sentence should enable the reader to reach a logical conclusion about the issue. Generally, the conclusion needs to repackage the thesis and assist the reader to recall the journey through the essay. The last sentence of the essay should be captivating to make the audience want to read the essay again. Moreover, this part of the assignment is to make the reader remember the main concepts of the essay and relate them to the bigger picture. Overall, this section should restate the thesis and close with a broad general statement related to the topic. Finalizing the Essay: Help Your Essay Stand out from the Crowd Proofreading The first draft of the essay can contain errors that might not be apparent during the writing process. It is an important process that can lead to the elimination of errors and ensure that everything is properly written and organized. It is not advisable to start proofreading immediately; it might not be possible to have the right amount of concentration to notice all the mistakes. A student should put the work aside for at least a day. In this case, proofreading would be more effective. Do not turn in the first draft make sure you have determined the grammar, stylistic, punctuation, and spelling errors. Besides, it is also important to remove unnecessary or repetitive words that make your paper difficult to read. Check the flow of ideas and ensure that they are connected in a smooth and logical manner. Referencing Referencing is vital for any information that is borrowed from external sources. As indicated previously, academic papers need credible and reliable sources of information. Students should avoid copying information directly from the sources. Instead, they should paraphrase it and apply the concepts. They should not just restate the information but integrate the ideas into the overall flow of the essay. It is important to avoid plagiarism as it can lead to a disciplinary action. The use of direct quotes should be limited; ask your instructor concerning the extent to which these quotes can be applied. In general, academic essays should have less than 20 percent of the cited information. Mind that all the citations in the text should have corresponding references at the end of the paper. References: OBrien Moran, M., Soiferman, L. (2013). A students guide to academic writing. Toronto: Pearson Canada. Pritchard, L., Roberts, L. (2006). The mature students guide to higher education. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press. Ravelli, L., Ellis, R. (2005). Analysing academic writing. London: Routledge. Soles, D. (2003). Writing an academic essay. Taunton: Studymates. Warburton, N. (2007). The basics of essay writing. London: Routledge.

Ancient Olympics Origins and History

Ancient Olympics Origins and History Like so much of ancient history, the origins of the Olympic Games held in Olympia, a district in Southern Greece,  are shrouded in myth and legend.  The Greeks dated events from the first Olympiad (the four-year period between games) in 776 B.C.- two decades before the  legendary founding of Rome, so the founding of Rome can be dated Ol. 6.3 or the third year of the 6th Olympiad, which is 753 B.C.E. The Origins of the Olympic Games Conventionally, the ancient Olympic games began in 776 B.C.E., based on records of stade-length races. The victor of this first Olympic game was Koroibos of Elis, in Southern Greece. However, because the Olympics originated during an era that is not well-documented, the actual date of the first Olympics is disputed. The origins of the ancient Olympics interested the ancient Greeks, who told conflicting, history-laced, mythological aitia (origin stories). The House of Atreus Theory One Olympic origins story is connected with one of the early members of the tragedy-ridden House of Atreus. Pelops won the hand of his bride, Hippodamia, by competing in a chariot race against her father, King Oinomaos (Oenomaus) of Pisa, in Elis. Oinomaos was the son of Ares and the Pleiad Sterope. Pelops, whose shoulder Demeter had once had to replace when she accidentally ate it, conspired to win the race by replacing the kings chariots lynch-pins with ones made of wax. These melted on the course, throwing the king from his chariot and killing him. After Pelops married Hippodamia, he commemorated his victory over Oinomaos by holding the first Olympic Games. These games either expiated his killing or thanked the gods for the victory. According to historian Gregory Nagy, Pindar, in his first Olympian Ode, denies that Pelops served his son to the gods at the infamous feast where Demeter absent-mindedly ate a shoulder chop. Instead, Poseidon abducted Pelops son and repaid Pelops by helping him win that chariot race. The Hercules Theory   Another theory on the  origin of the Olympic games, also from Pindar, in  Olympian X, attributes the Olympic games to the great Greek hero  Hercules  (Hercules or Heracles), who held the games as a thank offering to honor his father,  Zeus,  after Hercules had exacted revenge on King Augeus of Elis. Foolishly, Augeus had defaulted on his promised reward to Hercules for cleansing the stables. The Cronus Theory Pausanias 5.7 says the Olympic origins lie in Zeus victory over Cronus. The following passage elaborates this and also explains musical elements in the ancient Olympics. [5.7.10] Now some say that Zeus wrestled here with Cronus himself for the throne, while others say that he held the games in honor of his victory over Cronus. The record of victors include Apollo, who outran Hermes and beat Ares at boxing. It is for this reason, they say, that the Pythian flute-song is played while the competitors in the pentathlum are jumping; for the flute-song is sacred to Apollo, and Apollo won Olympic victories. A common thread of the stories about the origins of the Olympic games is that the games were instituted following a personal or competitive victory and were intended to honor the gods. When Did the Games Stop? The games lasted for about 10 centuries. In  391 C.E. the  Emperor Theodosius I  ended the games. Earthquakes in 522 and 526 and natural disasters, Theodosius II, Slav invaders, Venetians, and Turks all contributed to destroying the monuments at the site. Frequency of the Games The Ancient Greeks held the Olympics every four  years starting near the summer solstice. This four-year period was known as an Olympiad and was used as a reference point for dating events throughout Greece. Greek poleis (city-states) had their own calendars, with different names for the months, so the Olympiad provided a measure of uniformity. Pausanias, travel writer of the second century A.D, writes about the impossible chronology of a victory in an early footrace by reference to the relevant Olympiads: [6.3.8] The statue of Oebotas was set up by the Achaeans by the command of the Delphic Apollo in the eightieth Olympiad [433 B.C.], but Oebotas won his victory in the footrace at the sixth Festival [749 B.C.]. How, therefore, could Oebotas have taken part in the Greek victory at Plataea [479 B.C.]? A Religious Occasion The Olympics were a religious event for the Greeks. A temple on the site of Olympia, which was dedicated to Zeus, held a gold and ivory statue of the king of the gods. By the greatest Greek sculptor, Pheidias, it stood 42-feet high and was one of the seven  wonders of the Ancient World. The Rewards of Victory Representatives of each polis (city-state) could attend the ancient Olympics and hope to win a victory that would confer great personal and civic honor. So great was the honor that cities considered Olympic victors to be heroes and sometimes fed them for the rest of their lives. The festivals were also important religious occasions and the site was more a sanctuary to Zeus than a city proper. In addition to competitors and their trainers, poets, who wrote victory odes for the winners, attended the games. An Olympic victor was crowned with an olive wreath (laurel wreath was the award for another set of  Panhellenic games, the Pythian games at Delphi) and had his name inscribed in the official Olympic records. Some victors were fed for the rest of their lives by their city-states (poleis), although they were never actually paid. They were considered heroes who conferred honor upon their hometowns. It was  sacrilege to commit a crime, including accepting payment, corruption, and invasion during the games. According to Emeritus Classics Professor Matthew Wiencke, when a cheating competitor was caught, he was disqualified. In addition, the cheating athlete, his trainer, and possibly his city-state were fined- heavily. Participants Potential participants in the Olympics included all free Greek men, except certain felons, and barbarians, during the Classical Period. By the Hellenistic Period, professional athletes competed. The Olympic games were male-dominated. Married women were not allowed to enter the stadium during the games and might be killed if they tried. A priestess of Demeter was present, however, and tere may have been a separate race for women at Olympia. Main Sports The ancient Olympic sporting events were: BoxingDiscus (part of Pentathlon)Equestrian EventsJavelin (part of Pentathlon)JumpingPankrationPentathlonRunningWrestling Some events, like mule-cart racing, loosely, a part of the equestrian events, were added and then not too much later, removed: [5.9.1] IX. Certain contests, too, have been dropped at Olympia, the Eleans resolving to discontinue them. The pentathlum for boys was instituted at the thirty-eighth Festival; but after Eutelidas of Lace-daemon had received the wild olive for it, the Eleans disapproved of boys entering for this competition. The races for mule-carts, and the trotting-race, were instituted respectively at the seventieth Festival and the seventy-first, but were both abolished by proclamation at the eighty-fourth. When they were first instituted, Thersius of Thessaly won the race for mule-carts, while Pataecus, an Achaean from Dyme, won the trotting-race.Pausanias - Jones translation 2d cen

Major case study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Major case study - Research Paper Example It has experienced a rapid and dramatic growth in recent year’s world over and is closely connected to eco-tourism along with sustainable-tourism. 1.1 Introduction Wildlife tourism is defined as trips to places with the sole reason of viewing the fauna. According to the definition, it shows that wildlife tourism comprises of different niche markets such as birds watching, exploring marine life like how crocodiles live, swimming and feeding habits of big water mammals such as whales and others. This type of tourism is based upon the animals that are not domesticated. The viewing of animals takes place in different locations; these include animals’ natural habitat or environment where they live. Tourism involves actions that are termed as non-consumptive, these include taking photographs, looking at the places and observing eating procedures, also participating in events that involve game hunting and catching the animals by use of traps, as well as recreational fishing. W ildlife tourism can involve tours, experiences accessible in association with the accommodation of tourists, attractions at fixed sites, or it can come about as unguided meeting by independent travelers (Spenceley, 2012, pp. 85-88). 1.2 Stakeholders in wildlife tourism Wildlife tourism has several stakeholders. The first stakeholders in this sector are the visitors. They have an expectation of accessing experiences that are of affordable high quality. These experiences include interesting activities of wildlife watching and guided excursions. Some tourists would like to have opportunities to familiarize themselves with the local culture through interacting with the people inhabiting those areas (Benson, 2001, p. 132). Another set of stakeholders in the tourism industry includes private and public sectors, such as travelling and bringing together industrial associations. This ensures that there is development in the wildlife sector. They also ensure the individual operators get maxim um short term profits. The third stakeholder is the host and the indigenous community. The indigenous community improves minimal negative social effect of this sector. While capitalizing on profits from the local area, they ensure that there is no disruption on the local wildlife (Lovelock, 2007, pp. 152-156). Another role they play is trying to protect the environment together with the livelihood assets, at the same time minimizing the disturbance that might be encountered by the community, hence, disturbing the culture. It has the capability of adding tourism-related benefits, such as improving the condition of living, creating job opportunities for the locals, improving the infrastructure with the local business opportunities, and this will stimulate revenue generation (Sosinski, 2011, p. 88). Wildlife managers in public plus private sectors are other stakeholders whose sole duty is the conservation, NGOs protection of wildlife habitats, biodiversity, generation of revenues, comi ng up with awareness programs through wildlife tourism so that the locals will understand why the environment should be conserved. They should also show the government, general public and local people the importance of conserving the environment. They make use of tourism in the support of goals of conservation (Newsome, Ross, & Moore, 2005, p.256). The government agencies are a stakeholder

Andrew Johnsons Impeachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Andrew Johnsons Impeachment - Essay Example His war against the Negro doesn't end there. In an act of pure bigotry, he has allowed a Southern radical group, named the Ku Klux Klan, to rape, beat, and lynch Negro men and women. Also, he has vetoed every single bill regarding civil rights for these disadvantaged people, whose only crime is he wear dark skin. For the white rebels, they are treated like kings! The President has pardoned many of the top Confederate officers and generals, allow former Confederate soldiers to vote without fully pledging allegiance to the Union, and other senseless acts. Now to top it off, the President blatantly and willfully broke the Tenure of Office Law, which requires all the President's cabinet members to be approved by a majority vote of Congress before they serve. My fellow Congressman, this is the straw that breaks the camel's back! I urge you to stand with me to impeach President Johnson, before he hand over the keys to the Union to those unremorseful, troublemaking rebels!

American Born Chinese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Born Chinese - Essay Example They are intended to change the whole viewpoint that the readers have about that particular scenario. These writings are always radical in nature and tend to convince the reader to see things from the same viewpoint. One such text is American Born Chinese, a 2008 graphic novel by Gene Luen Yang and Lark Pien that contains a great deal of protest. It can be easily noticed in the plot development of the story, and this will be the basis of discussion in this paper. The story begins with the monkeys hanging on the trees; generally, one would say that this is the nature of monkeys. They are supposed to live on trees. However, according to Yang, there is one monkey, the king of monkeys that has ruled the other monkeys for many years. At this time, he has mastered the ways of the gods; these ways are the eight Kung-fu disciplines. As a result of his reaching, he yearns to leave the monkeys behind and join the ranks of the gods. This is the first act of protest that we encounter. One could comfortably say that it is part of monkeys’ nature to stay on trees and behave like any other animal (Yang 4). However, here we encounter a monkey that wants to protest against all that and elevate itself to another level. It wants to behave like a god. In addition to this, the monkey wants to protest against the true nature of the monkeys by passing a rule that all monkeys must wear shoes just like human beings. This is another protest because generally, monkeys and all other animals do not wear shoes. For the monkeys, this would even make their life harder since they cannot climb trees while wearing shoes. The monkey becomes arrogant to other gods when he starts to demand that he should be treated like an equal. The leader of the gods, Tze-Yo-Tzuh, tells him, ‘you are what I created you to be.’ Tze-Yo-Tzuh further tells him that he made him from the rock (Yang 7). The monkey challenges the gods’ king to prove this and tries to run away, but the king catc hes him. After learning that he cannot change who he is, he still refuses to repent, and the king of the gods buries him under a mountain rock till a time when he realizes and accepts who he is. Here, Yang tries to prove that when we try to be different persons from what we are we will only end up hurting ourselves. Another protest that we encounter in this comical novel arises from a character, Jin Wang. At this point, Yang introduces us to a boy born of immigrant parents in the United States. His life in the states is virtually peaceful; however, when his family moves from San Francisco to a white dominated suburban region, his life changes. He finds that he is the only Chinese in the whole school, and this fact makes him a subject to the prejudice (Yang 31). This is the point where he begins protesting against his culture. He constantly has to tell the other children in the school that he was born in America, and that his family does not eat dogs. Yang, at this point exhibits ano ther protest, which is against his culture. Jin Wang does not want to be associated with the Chinese way of life yet this is his culture (Yang 31). Jin Wang struggles to fit in his white peers’ way of life in every aspect. He even eats sandwiches (Yang 37), food that is not common for his culture. Jin struggles to be like the whites even when he is not in the school environment. This is evident in the conversation that he has with an old lady about being what he wants to be. The lady replies by telling him, ‘

Community Based Correctional Systems Criminology Essay

Community Based Correctional Systems Criminology Essay Community corrections is an umbrella phrase, which includes everything from intermediate punishments to pre-trial diversion. A community correctional system includes any non-incarcerative, but supervised way of handling offenders who have already been convicted or who are facing conviction. Parole and probation are the most renowned forms of community corrections, but the phrase also includes: electronic monitoring, home confinement, work release, day fine programs, restitution, halfway houses, check-in programs, community services, community based correctional facilities and curfews. In Ohio, community corrections refer to a system of particular facilities, which provide non-residential and residential services to a convicted offender. A good example of a community based correctional system in Ohio is the Western Ohio Regional Treatment and Rehabilitation Center (W.O.R.T.H. Center). This paper will attempt to cite the strength and weaknesses of the W.O.R.T.H. Center. I will also exp lain whether or not this system serves the community better than institutional correctional systems. Discussion The W.O.R.T.H. Center, just like other community based correctional systems in the United States, receives funds from the state, but, it is based in and operated by the local community in Ohio. In addition to this, this center is a male and female community based correctional facility, which houses criminals for a period not exceeding six months. This center provides an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦intermediate residential sanction at the front end of the system between prison and probation, known as diversion and re-integration services at the tail end of the system between parole and prison, known as transitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Bronstein, 2005). The W.O.R.T.H. Center has various programs that are aimed at fully rehabilitating the offenders such as: moral reconation therapy, skills class, chemical dependency, substance abuse, AA meetings, educational services, job readiness, money management, anger management, domestic violence, public service, parenting classes, Bible study, recreation, and community meetings. Each program is highly structured with evaluation, treatment, follow-up services such as transitional counseling (W.O.R.T.H Center, 2011). The offenders who effectively complete the program at this facility normally continue on non-residential probation that is supervised for a certain period of time. And those offenders who do not are sent to jail. Offenders sentenced to the W.O.R.T.H. Center are normally felony low level felony offenders or probation offenders who are otherwise headed to jail or prison. Rather than being sentenced to jail, such offenders are diverted into centers such as the W.O.R.T.H. Center where they receive severe treatment for education, chemical dependency, family relations or employment assistance. In numerous ways, the W.O.R.T.H. Center is similar to a conventional prison setting since it is a residential placement with very little freedom to actually move around. However, this facility has minimum security operations, which houses between fifty and two hundred male and female offenders, so it is somewhat smaller than most jails and offers to some extent, more freedom to the offender. Community based correctional system such as the W.O.R.T.H. Center is believed to be an evident improvement over conventional corrections programs for humanitarian reasons. The W.O.R.T.H. Center can be considered humanitarian because it provides less serious male and female offenders with choices, which allow them to continue with various elements of their lives. In addition to this, this community based correctional facility is also humanitarian because it avoids many of the negative effects of incarcerations such as stigmatization, damage to mental or physical health as well as constant exposure to criminal peers (Bronstein, 2005). Another advantage of the W.O.R.T.H. Center is that it offers opportunities to be more responsive to the needs of victims, offenders and the community at large. For instance, the restorative resolution program in the W.O.R.T.H. Center is a community alternative to imprisonment. This program targets lawbreakers who are facing a prison term of about six months or at times even nine months. Another sentencing plan is developed for lawbreakers referred to this program that aims to tackle the individual needs of the lawbreaker as well as address victim concerns. Another advantage is that the community programs at this facility are more effective than prison or incarceration. Effectiveness can be measured in terms of avoiding exposure to undesirable effects, reducing recidivism as well as promoting the successful re-integration of offenders into the community (Bloomberg, 2000). Moreover, the cost of running the W.O.R.T.H. Center is not as costly as conventional prison. However, the W.O.R.T.H. Center is not without its weaknesses. This community based correctional facility appears to have very little impact on the rates of recidivism among the ex-offenders (W.O.R.T.H Center, 2011). In addition to this, since the W.O.R.T.H. Center includes residences or halfway houses where the ex-offenders learn to make the successful transition from prison into society, the residents who live around are naturally kept on a strict curfew. In addition to this, these halfway houses are located in a neighborhood, as opposed to remote locations and this commonly disturbs the residents of that particular neighborhood, who live in fear of being victimized or even threatened by the ex-offenders residing in the halfway houses. Recidivism is the repetition of criminal behavior. Clearly, one objective of community based correctional system such as the W.O.R.T.H. Center is to prevent the offenders from repeating any kind of criminal behavior. In the past, these facilities have been commended for being more effective in reducing recidivism than conventional prison settings since they never take the offender completely out of the community and that they also provide a transition period between the community and the prison (Bronstein, 2005). Ideally, community based correctional systems teach the offender how to be productive and successful members of the community. But, regrettably, some offenders in community based correctional programs do recidivate. The re-arrest, charging and return of criminals to correctional facilities has a public safety advantage and numerous social as well as fiscal costs. Proponents of community based correctional systems argue that community programs are in reality more effective than prison. Effectiveness can be measured in terms of avoiding exposure to undesirable effects, reducing recidivism and so forth. According to Benzy (2004), incarceration is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦not more effective than community corrections in preventing re-offending and treatment programs have been shown to be more effective when delivered in a community settingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. What is more, community based correctional programs spare the offenders numerous negative effects of incarceration. I believe that community based correctional system serves the community better than institutional correctional systems. Community based correctional programs facilitate many of the factors linked with the successful re-integration of the offender into the community. For criminals being released from prison into a community based correctional facility, the benefits of community corrections are rather obvious. Not only is the criminal provided with the chance to steadily re-integrate into society, he or she is able to pursue educational and employment opportunities. Moreover, family ties are better maintained when a criminal is residing at a community based correctional facility rather than a prison. Presently, community based correctional facilities have not been widely accepted by the general public and this opposition manifests itself in numerous ways. For instance, the general public has never fully embraced community corrections programs like fines, probation, full and day parole, intermittent prison sentences and temporary absences. A majority of communities in the United States are unfriendly to the notion of having residential centers such as the does a community based correctional system serves the community better than institutional correctional systems for law offenders located in their midst for fear that adjacent property values will drop and crime will increase, a phenomenon commonly referred to as Not In My Back Yard Syndrome or NIMBY (Benzy, 2004). But, most individuals agree that the current institutional correctional system does not work and many are even willing to consider community based correction systems. Institutional correctional systems such as prisons generally make individuals worse. Presently, nothing much has changed other than that there are many more individuals in prison and our prisons are currently larger and in fact, more destructive of the human personality than before with harsher regimes and fewer programs (Bronstein, 2005). Research reveals that there are only three possible changes in the life of an offender during his or her incarceration in an institutional correctional system: availability of a reasonably supportive job, family upon release, as well as the process of aging that ultimately eradicates criminal behavior as an alternative (Bronstein, 2005). It is rather obvious that in the institutional correctional systems, offenders are incarcerated not to treat them, but for other reasons. Increasingly, such systems are places of punishment and have nothing at all to do with rehabilitation unlike the community-based correctional systems. Conclusion Community based correctional systems offers workable alternatives to incarceration for offenders at different stages of the criminal justice process. The alternatives that are available to the offenders include: alternative measures programs, bail supervision programs, fine options programs, restitution programs, probation, community service order, parole and so on. The community based correctional system serves the community better than institutional correctional systems since the offenders are given a chance to steadily re-integrate into society, pursue educational and employment opportunities and in general, be more productive in the community.