Functions of Mass Communication

Wright (1960) characterizes seven functions of mass communication that offer insight into its role in our lives. * Surveillance. The first function of mass communication is to serve as the eyes and ears for those of us seeking information about our world. When we want to find out the latest news about what’s happening, we can turn on the television, surf the internet, or read a newspaper or magazine. We rely on mass communication for news and information about our daily lives such as the weather, stock reports, or the start time for a game. What was one of the first things you did after you heard about the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center? More than likely, you were glued to the Internet or your television waiting for details about the disaster. In fact, your authors’ campus closed down to allow people to stay at home to collect information and be with loved ones, even though our campus is located on the other side of the country. * Correlation. Correlation addresses how the media present facts that we use to move through the world. The information we get through mass communication is not objective and without bias. The grandmother of a friend of your authors stated that the information she heard on the radio, â€Å"had to be true† because it was on the radio. This statement begs the question, how credible are the media? Can we consume media without questioning motive and agenda? Someone selects, arranges, interprets, edits, and critiques the information we see. A friend of your authors’ has a brother who edits for a major reality TV show. When asked if what we see if a fair representation of what really happens, the person who does the editing simply laughed and said â€Å"no. † * Sensationalization. There is an old saying in the news industry-â€Å"if it bleeds, it leads† that highlights the idea of sensationalization. Sensationalization is when the media puts forward the most sensational messages to titillate consumers. Elliot poses some interesting food for thought: â€Å"Media managers think in terms of consumers rather than citizens. Good journalism sells, but unfortunately, bad journalism sells as well. And, bad journalism-stories that simply repeat government claims or that reinforce what the public wants to hear instead of offering independent reporting -is cheaper and easier to produce† (2004, . 35). * Entertainment. Mass media provide us with an escape from daily routines and problems by entertaining us (Zillmann & Bryant, 1986, p. 303). Media like People Magazine and E-TV keep us up to date on the doings of our favorite celebrities. We watch sports on television, go to the movies, play video games, and listen to our ipods and radios. Most mass communication simultaneously entertains and informs. We often turn to media in our leisure time to provide an escape from our boredom and relief from the predictability of our everyday lives. We rely on media to take us places we could not afford to go or imagine, acquaint us with bits of culture, and make us laugh or cry. Entertainment can have the secondary effect of providing companionship and/or catharsis through the media we consume. * Transmission. Mass media is a vehicle to transmit cultural norms, values, rules, and habits. Consider how you learned about what is fashionable to wear or what music to listen to. Mass media plays a significant role in the socialization process. We look for role models to display appropriate cultural norms, but all too often, we do not recognize inappropriate or stereotypical behavior. We start shopping, dressing, smelling, walking, and talking like the person in the music video, commercial, or movies. Why would soft drink companies pay Christina Aguilera or Mariah Carey millions of dollars to sell their products? Have you ever bought a pair of shoes or changed your hairstyle because of something you encountered in the media? Obviously, culture, age, type of media, and other cultural variables factor into how mass communication influences how we learn and perceive our culture. * Mobilization. Mass communication functions to mobilize people during times of crisis (McQuail, 1994). Think back to 9/11. Regardless of your political preferences, we mourned as a nation and rallied around national pride and patriotism during this time of crisis. Using our earlier example, your authors’ campus decided to suspend classes to allow the campus community time to mourn the loss of fellow citizens. With instant access to media and information, we can collectively witness the same events taking place in real time somewhere else, thus mobilizing a large population of people around a particular event. The rising popularity of political websites such as moveon. rg is another key example of the use of mass communication to mobilize people for political action. * Validation. Mass communication functions to validate the status and norms of particular individuals, movements, organizations, or products. The validation of particular people or groups serves to enforce social norms (Lazarsfeld & Merton, 1971). If you think about most television dramas and sitcoms, who are the primary characters? What gender and ethnicity are the majority of the stars? What gender and ethnicity are those that play criminals or those considered abnormal? The media validates particular cultural norms while diminishing differences and variations from those norms. A great deal of criticism focuses on how certain groups are promoted, and others marginalized by how they are portrayed in mass media. Given the power of the various functions of mass communication, we need to be reflective about its presence in our lives (McLuhan & Fiore, 1967). We will now turn our attention to the study of mass communication by looking at what mass communication scholars study, and how they study it.

Insurance Essay

There are many differences between insurance and social assistance programs. They differentiate in administration, financing, coverage and the basis of payments. Insurance is having coverage for the most important and costly things that need to be protected throughout life. Health insurance is used to help cover the cost of routine check-ups, immunization, medications, emergency visits, surgeries, and hospitalization. These costs increase over time due to the increase in the quality of care and prescription costs.Depending on what your income and insurance plan you have you will be opted to pay a deductible before your insurance company will pay their part. Auto insurance protects auto accidents, medical bills from accidents, and repairs such as collision coverage. Social assistance programs are solely for people who have a low income, or are unemployed due to disabilities, maternity leave, or have children and are unemployed.Auto and health insurance have many similarities as well a s differences. When it comes to auto insurance you are paying a predetermined amount to keep a coverage on your vehicle. Whether it be a car accident, theft, repairs or towing and protecting against an accident if you are at fault. Depending on what type of insurance you have and how much you are willing to pay for your coverage is all based on what you receive on your auto insurance.Health insurance is primarily to keep you in a good health. There are more than 51 million people throughout the US that have no health insurance. Having health insurance is so important in order to have routine check-ups, ER visits for illnesses, giving birth, medication and hospitalization which are all very costly matters. The similarity between these two types of insurance is to protect you against the financial hardships the happen throughout life to be able to afford them.

The Everyday Is Important For Sociological Research

This essay will argue that the setting of ‘the everyday’ is important for sociological research. Through its investigation it becomes evident how various types of social structures and institutions have an ability to influence behaviours and emotions of individuals. The sociological research of the everyday covers a diverse range of theories, as individuals live and conduct themselves by various standards, contexts, and structures (Heller, 1984, p. 3), and it is this kind of interaction that is taken for granted and thus in need of exploration. It is through the examination of the socialisation occurring in the everyday between individuals, institutions, rules, and culture, that it becomes evident that ‘the obvious is often not-so-obvious’ (Newman et al., 2013). This essay utilises the sociological imagination to express this importance of the everyday through the exploration of three aspects of socialisation, these being employment, mass media, and social deviance. It is these kinds of socialisations occurring in the everyday that illustrate how social structures and institutions influence behaviours and emotions, and hence also prove the everyday as an important setting for sociological research. ‘Have you ever wondered whether your thoughts and feelings are your own?’ (Gavin Smith) It is through the sociological research of the events and happenings in the everyday that this important question can be and is addressed quite repetitively. First, however in order toShow MoreRelatedSociological Perspectives On The Sociological Perspective1178 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sociological Perspective is a behavior that connects one with society. As written in the textbook Society the Basics, sociological perspective is also defined as â€Å"seeing the general in the particular† (Berger, 1963). A major part of being a sociologist is finding patterns in everyday life. As an ordinary person, finding patterns is almost a natural instinct. Every individual falls into a category, whether how unique they claim to be. Individuals can be categorized by race, class, sexual orientationRead MoreInvitation to Sociology: A Classic Overview Essay630 Words   |  3 PagesBerger refers to debunking as a process of looking behind the facades of everyday life. 2. Why is sociology a science? Sociology is a science because methodological study is used to study the behavior of people in society in their environment. The same steps using the scientific method in a research process: observation, hypothesis testing, data analysis, and generalization is used when conducting sociological research. Should a sociologist be objective (value-free) or subjective? Read MoreSociology 210 Study Guide1129 Words   |  5 PagesChapter One: The Sociological Perspective I. The Sociological Perspective. A. Sociology is the systematic study of human society. B. The sociological perspective (Berger, 1963) helps us to see general social patterns in the behavior of particular individuals (the general in the particular). C. It also encourages us to realize that society guides our thoughts and deeds — to see the strange in the familiar (Berger, 1963). D. Sociology also encourages us to see personal choice in social contextRead MoreSociological Concepts Of Family, Gender, And Identity Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay discusses the way in which I understand the sociological concepts of family, gender and race - nuclear family, doing gender, and identity, in particular. Arguably, these three concepts can relate to each individuals life, through different personal experiences. To demonstrate my argument, I highlight relevant situations in my own life that further explain my chosen sociological concepts. The first concept I chose to focus on is family. 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As a student, Russel found interest in the study and placement of women in a male-dominated society. Upon her study of these specific topics, Russel came to the conclusion that many theories, references, and experiences in the sociological field were from a male perspective. In short, RusselRead MoreSociology, Race, And Social Classes1154 Words   |  5 Pagesideas and modify the old ones. The sociological research uses different techniques to provide evidence of any aspect of social life. Qualitative data such as ethnography and archival works as well as quantitative data like statistical modeling of surveys, experiments and network analysis. This helps us understand our social world and the shapes it takes. Mills stated that we all need to overcome our limited perspectives to enrich our social imagination. Sociological imagination is the application of

The Child Obesity Epidemic - 2395 Words

Have we all question ourselves what is childhood obesity? Well today about one in three children in America are overweight or obese, which has tripled since 1963. The American Heart Association, comments that among the children today, obesity has been causing a reach of health problem that was only seen in adulthood. Obesity not only affects children appearance or the fit of their clothing. The people that are obese most likely will have health problems such as joint problem, sleep apnea, and asthma attack, liver failure, kidney problems. What would be the best way to prevent obesity. We all know the obesity is and will always be a chronic disease that will be affecting more children, and teenagers and adults. The rates of obesity in children in the United States have doubled since 1980, yet it has tripled for teenagers. Children between the ages of six to nineteen are considered overweight and the other percent of adults are overweight and or obese. In Imperial County approximately 75% of the population is of Mexican origin with a 39% ratio that rates childhood obesity. Currently 21,011 children are enrolled in elementary schools, of this children about 75.4% are on the free or reduced priced meal program. Obesity can cause numerous of health issues such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and low self-esteem. Obesity may also have emotional effects in children such as being teased and or bullied at school and felling that they have a poor body image. In myShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of Child Obesity1885 Words   |  8 PagesOver the past decade there has been an epidemic on the rise. This epidemic is child obesity. We spend millions of dollars each year trying to help or prevent the onset of obesity. Some of the reasons are due to our youth consuming more processed foods and not being physically active. 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The rapid increase in the prevalence of this epidemic has shown to be higher among ethnic groups (Klohe, 2004). In addition, those of lower socioeconomic status are 50% more likely to be obese than those from higher education/income backgrounds (U.S. Department of Heath and Human Services, 2001). For children, obesity can lead to serious health outcomes

Analysis Of The Movie Summer Ball - 1665 Words

Summer Ball By: Anya Lee Mike Lupica, ESPN commentator and well-known sports writer for young adults, wrote Summer Ball. Summer Ball is primarily set at Right Way Basketball Camp. The main character, Danny Walker, and his friends, Ty Ross, Will Stoddard, and Tarik Meminger go to Right Way along with boys from all over the country to improve their basketball skills. They also hope to make new friends and possibly catch the eye of college scouts over the length of summer camp. Right Way helps Danny learn how to prove himself against outside expectations and self-doubts. Danny experiences his troubles when his Right Way coach, Edward Powers, doesn t believe in Danny and tries to break him down any way he can. Coach Powers represents all of Danny s fears around basketball and his place as a basketball player. At Right Way Camp, Danny and his friends work hard and struggle through tough games in order to prove themselves as basketball players. Danny and his friends have never seen a place like Right Way. Danny, Will, and Ty live in Long Island, New York. A newer friend of theirs, Tarik, is from New York City. All four boys attend Right Way the summer they are transitioning from eighth grade to being high school freshmen. Right Way is located in Cedarville, Maine, which is several hours outside Portland, Maine. Right Way Camp is deep in the woods. As the boys ride to the camp on a bus, they are amazed at what they see. Tarik says, Oh, this is where all the trees are.Show MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay : Summer Is The Best981 Words   |  4 PagesThe four seasons, winter, summer, autumn and spring fly by like Lightning Mcqueen from the movie Cars, racing to the finish line. When you talk about the seasons everybody has a different perspective to it. Some might say summer is the best, due to there being no school, also the hot weather. 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Tom Brady got the ball back and commanded a game-winning drive capped off by an Adam Vinatieri field goal. (Super Bowl XXXXVIII Game Recap).  The game was over. Tom Brady was awarded the MVP award and held up the trophy as confetti rained down over him. What I had witnessedRead MoreJackie Robinson5168 Words   |  21 Pagesaccurate historical representation with lines and quotes shown to be taken exactly from documented writings. The film has a warming plot of a successful man who never gave up on his love of baseball and his fight for equal rights. Close scene analysis of the film, 42, The Jackie Robinson Story, revealed that the film is an accurate representation of Robinson’s life during his first years with the Brooklyn Dodgers. However, the motion pictures fails to answer the question of what motivated BranchRead MoreAdvertising Strategy of Adidas: a Comparative Study 23900 Words   |  16 PagesAdidas  - Footwear, apparel, and hardware such as bags and balls. 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Marketing Principles On Ventura Boats †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Principles On Ventura Boats. Answer: SWOT Analysis Australia, boat business had confronted 20% loss in their last 18 months or so and the overall business has faced this disaster situation due to that time (Ibinews.com 2018). Ventura boat is one of the small boat building business and they make traditional boats for the inland domestic uses of Australia. The company had agood business market in the1960s, 70s but in modern times they need to change their infrastructure for the development of their business. Strengths The company is following the traditional way of boat making, and this is not applicable in modern times. However, their product quality is good and their traditional products are very high in quality. Some of the high-quality products are noticed in France and Italy and their business is growing day by day (Armstrong et al. 2014). In case of Australia, innovative products are important for market sustainability and people love to use these kind of products so that better outcome can be gained. There is another strong factor which is people accumulation. They try to cater to sections of people and expand their business in all around Australia. Luxury boats are generally costly, so a good price margin oftheboat is important for boatyards or in case of business providers. Ventura boats sell their boats to boat-yards and customers as well. Very few companies are doing this kind of bilateral business and Ventura boats has this advantage to do the business in this way. Weaknesses The company profile was very good in the1960s, 70s, and 80s but in recent times they have not introduced any technological changes in their boats. So the traditional makings of boats are creating barriers to their business extension (Challagalla, Murtha and Jaworski 2014). Innovation in shape, size, velocity, dimension, range, space, architecture and technology is the most important need for their business acceleration. Their efficient employees are leaving this job and searching for better opportunities so overall a disaster situation is confronted by Ventura Boats Company. Opportunities In theUK, British marines are encouraging the steady growth of single market boat business and delivering good opportunities for future. In the session of Post- Brexitsituation government has the only way to sustain the business and for that reason, every company wants a sustainable support from their government (Moriarty et al. 2014). In case of Ventura boats, Australian government wants some financial support that enhances their GDP but Ventura has no future as they are lacking because of their technological limitations. But in other counties, traditional boat restrictions are less so the company can move their business in those countries. The economic divisiveness is also noticed in Australia, sothe business market or Ventura needs to change for their own sustainability. Threats The main threat for Ventura is their staged technological perspective. Australian government creates another threat for them by declaring their product illegal. The amount of money, that they have invested in manufacturing those products are gone in vain and this is the reason the company is facing such a bad time in their recent past. Large companies are also trying to take over the relatively small companies like Ventura as they are not so strong in technological aspect and this is also considered athreatto the company. Analysis of Threats and Opportunities Threats are very predominant in Ventura Boats Company and their usage of traditional boats creates a problem for the company in terms of revenue generation. Australia government imposed some allegation over their boats and that is the reason their business has got a huge threat (Kleeman 2014). Companys morale becomes down, employees are resigning and efficient employees are searching for new jobs so overall a negetive influnce has been set up in the comapny. In case of opportunities, it can be only possible to spread their business in overseas countries. Traditional luxury boats are not restricted enough in those places so better business opportunities will be expected in those regions. Ansoffs Matrix In case of market penetration, the company has not entered with their existing products as the products are outdated. Their new products are not so innovative or technologically proper to sustainin the new market so market penetration chances are quite low for the company. In case of products development, the development is only possible if innovative and technologically strong products are evolved in the market and this is the reason their market enhancement has stopped as well as their revenue generation. Products are the augmented parameter for a company. If traditional innovations are not changed in a right way and new process are not implemented then it is quite difficult for the company to sustain in Australian market (Sulistiyono, Mutmainnah and Furusho 2018). New products are not coming up and that is the reason company is not extending their business through product development. In case of market diversification or product diversification, no changes are noticed in their production. Same traditional boats are still their assets and they tried to run their business through those boats. However, the reality determines that technological enhancement in boats are required and that help in their sustainable condition. Recommendations Compare to other nations, Australia is facing more trouble in yachting. In 2015 the marine market of France has grown 2.7% and the overall turnover was $4.41bn (Ibinews.com 2018). Their service, maintenance, government initiation all these business aspects are taken care by the government so Australia government needs to step up and provide all kind of facilities so that small companies like Ventura Boats is not facing this situation (Hourston, McDonald and Hewitt 2015). In Italy, thetechnology sector has improved a lot in this sector. Good amount of accessories and infrastructural change also happen in this country. These factors resulted in 13% increase in total sale and 25% increase in total revenue generation (Ibinews.com 2018). Thus, technological changes are needed for market expansion and this needs to be understood by Ventura authority. IntheUK, their domestic market is the only source of better revenue generation due to the promotion. 68% increase in total revenue in 2013-2014 sessions is the reflection of their domestic promotion (Ibinews.com 2018). So, Ventura needs to take this opportunity to reach the maximum amount of people through promotion (Bbc.com 2017). References Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014. Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Bbc.com 2017 UK superyacht industry sales rise to highest since 2008retrieved from:https://www.bbc.com/news/business-38548901[Accessed on 4th February, 2018] Challagalla, G., Murtha, B.R. and Jaworski, B., 2014.Marketing doctrine: a principles-based approach to guiding marketing decision making in firms.Journal of Marketing,78(4), pp.4-20. Hourston, M., McDonald, J.I. and Hewitt, M.J., 2015. Public engagement for the detection of the introduced marine species Charybdis japonica in Western Australia.Management of Biological Invasions,6(3), pp.243-252. Ibinews.com 2018 International Boat Industry retrieved from: https://www.ibinews.com/country-reports/page/3 [Accessed on 4th February, 2018] Kleeman, G., 2014. Global cruise industry.Geography bulletin,46(1), p.28. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N.D., Wells, W.D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L. and Spence-Stone, R., 2014.Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia. Sulistiyono, A.B., Mutmainnah, W. and Furusho, M., 2018. The Improvement of Yacht Entry and Exit Ports as a Marina in Indonesia. InApplied Mechanics and Materials(Vol. 874, pp. 215-220). Trans Tech Publications.

Panama Cannal Essays - Panama Canal, Gatun Dam, Culebra Cut, Canal

Panama Cannal The Panama Canal; A Shorter Trade Route. Jo Bob Running head :The Panama Canal; A Shorter Trade Route Abstract For centurys man has used water as way to get from one place to another very quickly. The Panama Canal is no exception. From around the start of the 16th century people have been trying to find a way to cut a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. Many misfortunes and deaths have been sacrificed to obtain this goal. Finally in 1914 the American had completed one of the greatest feats of all time the Panama Canal, cutting a many months journey to nine hours. The Panama Canal; The Shorter Trade Route. Europeans had wanted of Central American canal as early as the 16thy century; President Ulysses S. Grant sent seven expeditions to study the feasibility of digging the cannel. As travel and trade in the Western Hemisphere increased the need for a canal grew increasingly more important. To sail from the Atlantic to the pacific, ships navigated around the Cape Horn. This was a long and very dangerous trip especially around the tip of South America. A New York to San Francisco journey measured more than 13000 miles and took months to complete. The canals construction was badly needed. History Of Canals A canal is an artificial waterway built for navigation, crop irrigation, water supply and drainage. Canals are usually connected with natural bodies of water or other canal. Canals have been used for thousands of years. They started out in early civilization in the middle east as a way to bring water to the city and to water their crops. In the 3rd century the Chinese began building canals, the longest of these early canals was more than 1000 miles long. Making it the longest artificial waterway in the world. (Britannica(no date)) Romans built huge canals mainly for military transport. By the twelfth century 85% of all Medieval European travel was by waterway.( Britannica(no date)) The greatest invention in canal construction came along 1373. The Dutch developed the pound lock system. The Lock system uses a series of chambers that can be flooded or drained so the ship can change elevation. This allowed canals to be built where elevation made it impossible. This brings us to the modern era of canal building and one of the greatest engineering feats of all time the Panama Canal. The French A French Developer Ferdinand de Lesseps believed that the Panama Canal could make lots of money for investors. The French cut a broad path through the jungle and on January 20, 1882 they commenced digging. They brought with them tons of modern equipment. They had steam shovels and locomotive and dredges. Their work crews were mostly black and Indian labors. In the first months, the digging proceeded slowly but steadily. Then the rain began and the French faced many dangers. The crew faced miles upon mile of impassable jungle, and very heavy rain. In the jungle they also faced insects, snakes, swamps, small pox, malaria, yellow fever, and flooding of the charges river. The Charges sakes across the canal route a total of fourteen times. The French dammed the river so they could drudge the canal but every time it would rain the river would swell and break the dams. It would sweep away workers, destroy equipment, and fill in the canal with sediment. If that wasnt enough the stagnate water that was formed, breaded large amount of deadly insects. Three out of four men hospitalized at the very modern Ancon hospital died. Finally in 1888 the project was abandoned and lots of French investors lost money. About $287,000,000 had been spent eleven miles of the canal had been dug and 20,000 men lost their lives.(Britannica(no date)) The canal remained unfinished but the dream had not yet died. Theodore Roosevelt would soon take up the cause. The Americans The strategic necessity and the desire of business men to have access to the Pacific market combined in the late 1890s to convince the president and Congress that a canal linking the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean was vital to Americans. The British government gave up its right to joint construction with The United States in 1901. The French company, which had tried unsuccessfully to dig the canal